Tradução e análise de palavras por inteligência artificial ChatGPT
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- etimologia
O que (quem) é volatile alkali - definição
![pipeline]] (roughly 2400 km long),<ref>minerals year book, vol. 3</ref> running from the [[TogliattiAzot]] plant in [[Russia]] to [[Odesa]] in [[Ukraine]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ammiakoprovod NS.jpg?width=200 "pipeline]] (roughly 2400 km long),<ref>minerals year book, vol. 3</ref> running from the [[TogliattiAzot]] plant in [[Russia]] to [[Odesa]] in [[Ukraine]]")
.jpg?width=200 "A standard laboratory solution of 28% ammonia.")
![Streetcar in New Orleans]] drawn by [[Alfred Waud]] in 1871](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AmmoniacalGasEngineStreetcarARWaud.jpeg?width=200 "Streetcar in New Orleans]] drawn by [[Alfred Waud]] in 1871")
![This high-pressure reactor was built in 1921 by [[BASF]] in [[Ludwigshafen]] and was re-erected on the premises of the [[University of Karlsruhe]] in Germany.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ammoniak Reaktor BASF.jpg?width=200 "This high-pressure reactor was built in 1921 by [[BASF]] in [[Ludwigshafen]] and was re-erected on the premises of the [[University of Karlsruhe]] in Germany.")
![[Ag(NH3)2]+}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diamminesilver(I)-3D-balls.png?width=200 "[Ag(NH3)2]+}}")
![ices]] of [[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jupiter.jpg?width=200 "ices]] of [[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]].")
}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tetraamminediaquacopper(II)-3D-balls.png?width=200 "[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](2+)}}")
![[[Effective nuclear charge]] on an atomic electron](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Effective Nuclear Charge.svg?width=200 "[[Effective nuclear charge]] on an atomic electron")
![Periodic trend for ionisation energy: each period begins at a minimum for the alkali metals, and ends at a maximum for the [[noble gas]]es. Predicted values are used for elements beyond 104.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/First Ionization Energy blocks.svg?width=200 "Periodic trend for ionisation energy: each period begins at a minimum for the alkali metals, and ends at a maximum for the [[noble gas]]es. Predicted values are used for elements beyond 104.")
![A wheel type radiotherapy device which has a long [[collimator]] to focus the radiation into a narrow beam. The caesium-137 chloride radioactive source is the blue square, and gamma rays are represented by the beam emerging from the aperture. This was the radiation source involved in the Goiânia accident, containing about 93 grams of caesium-137 chloride.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GoiâniaRadiationsource.gif?width=200 "A wheel type radiotherapy device which has a long [[collimator]] to focus the radiation into a narrow beam. The caesium-137 chloride radioactive source is the blue square, and gamma rays are represented by the beam emerging from the aperture. This was the radiation source involved in the Goiânia accident, containing about 93 grams of caesium-137 chloride.")
![Similarly to the alkali metals, [[ammonia]] reacts with [[hydrochloric acid]] to form the salt [[ammonium chloride]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hydrochloric acid ammonia.jpg?width=200 "Similarly to the alkali metals, [[ammonia]] reacts with [[hydrochloric acid]] to form the salt [[ammonium chloride]].")
![[[Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner]] was among the first to notice similarities between what are now known as the alkali metals.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner.jpg?width=200 "[[Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner]] was among the first to notice similarities between what are now known as the alkali metals.")
![pounds]] (≈ 1.4 kg) of sodium with water](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Large Sodium Explosion.jpg?width=200 "pounds]] (≈ 1.4 kg) of sodium with water")
![[[Lepidolite]], the rubidium mineral from which rubidium was first isolated](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lepidolite-76774.jpg?width=200 "[[Lepidolite]], the rubidium mineral from which rubidium was first isolated")
![[[Lithium carbonate]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lithium carbonate.jpg?width=200 "[[Lithium carbonate]]")
![[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]'s periodic system proposed in 1871 showing hydrogen and the alkali metals as part of his group I, along with copper, silver, and gold](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mendelejevs periodiska system 1871.png?width=200 "[[Dmitri Mendeleev]]'s periodic system proposed in 1871 showing hydrogen and the alkali metals as part of his group I, along with copper, silver, and gold")
![sixth period]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Periodic variation of Pauling electronegativities.png?width=200 "sixth period]]")
![[[Petalite]], the lithium mineral from which lithium was first isolated](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Petalite.jpg?width=200 "[[Petalite]], the lithium mineral from which lithium was first isolated")
![[[Spodumene]], an important lithium mineral](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spodumene-usa59abg.jpg?width=200 "[[Spodumene]], an important lithium mineral")
![Very pure thallium pieces in a glass [[ampoule]], stored under [[argon]] gas](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thallium pieces in ampoule.jpg?width=200 "Very pure thallium pieces in a glass [[ampoule]], stored under [[argon]] gas")
Wikipédia
Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, particularly among aquatic organisms, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to 45% of the world's food and fertilizers. Around 70% of ammonia is used to make fertilisers in various forms and composition, such as urea and Diammonium phosphate. Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil.
Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products. It is mainly collected by downward displacement of both air and water.
Although common in nature—both terrestrially and in the outer planets of the Solar System—and in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous in its concentrated form. In many countries it is classified as an extremely hazardous substance, and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities that produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.
The global industrial production of ammonia in 2018 was 175 million tonnes, with no significant change relative to the 2013 global industrial production of 175 million tonnes. In 2021 this was 235 million tonnes, with very little being made within the United States. Industrial ammonia is sold either as ammonia liquor (usually 28% ammonia in water) or as pressurized or refrigerated anhydrous liquid ammonia transported in tank cars or cylinders.
For fundamental reasons, the production of ammonia from the elements hydrogen and nitrogen is difficult, requiring high pressures and high temperatures. The Haber process that enabled industrial production was invented at the beginning of the 20th century, revolutionizing agriculture.
NH3 boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere, so the liquid must be stored under pressure or at low temperature. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution of NH3 in water. The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale (density), with 26 degrees Baumé (about 30% of ammonia by weight at 15.5 °C or 59.9 °F) being the typical high-concentration commercial product.
